日本当代博物馆光空间意匠

本文以笔者赴日调研资料为基础,分析比较了日本当代博物馆的光空间类型与设计意匠,通过解析自然光、人工照明、夜景灯光下博物馆建筑空间艺术造型的不同案例,展望日本当代博物馆光空间的发展新趋势。     

Water quality prediction of marine recreational beaches receiving watershed baseflow and stormwater runoff in southern California, USA

Beach advisories are issued to the public in California when the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), including total coliform, fecal coliform (or Escherichia coli), and Enterococcus, exceed their recreational water health standards, or when the amount of a rainfall event is above the pre-determined threshold. However, it is not fully understood about how and to what degree stormwater runoff or baseflow exerts impacts on beach water quality. Furthermore, current laboratory methods used to determine the FIB levels take 18-96 h, which is too slow to keep pace with changes in FIB levels in water. Thus, a beach may not be posted when it is contaminated, and may be posted under advisory when bacterial levels have already decreased to within water quality standards. The study was designed to address the above critical issues. There were large temporal and spatial variations in FIB concentrations along two popular State Beaches in San Diego, CA, USA. The rainstorm-induced runoff from the watersheds exerts significant impacts on the marine recreational water quality of the beaches adjacent to lagoons during the first 24-48 h after a rain event. The large volume of stormwater runoff discharging to beaches caused high FIB concentrations in beach water not only at the lagoon outlet channel and the mixing zone, but also at the locations 90 m away from the channel northward or southward along the shoreline. The geomorphology of beach shoreline, distance from the outlet channel, wind strength, wind direction, tide height, wave height, rainfall, time lapse after a rainstorm, or channel flow rate played a role in affecting the distribution of FIB concentrations in beach water. Despite the great temporal and spatial variability of FIB concentrations along a shoreline, the artificial neural network-based models developed in this study are capable of successfully predicting FIB concentrations at different beaches, different locations, and different times under baseflow or rainstorm conditions. The models are based on readily measurable variables including temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, channel water flow, rainfall, and/or time lapse after a rainstorm. The established models will help fill the current gap between beach posting and actual water quality and make more meaningful and effective decisions on beach closures and advisories.     

徐霞客的自然和人文景观评价思想初探--以天台山为例

徐霞客是一位伟大的旅行家、地理学家,也是一位山水美学家。他对名山大川风景资源的科学考察以及美学上的评价是前无古人的,《徐霞客游记》因而也是一部风景资源考察评价的科学巨著。文章以《游记》中的《天台山游记》为依据,以天台山风景区为例,探求霞客的自然和人文景观评价思想,及其对建立适合我国山岳风景特征的景观评价体系的启示。     

集中管理模式下的政府投资工程委托代理机制研究

随着我国政府投资工程项目管理模式改革不断深入,集中管理模式得到广泛应用。以深圳市为例阐述了集中管理模式下的政府投资工程项目运行机制及治理结构,运用仿真建模和博弈分析的方法对这种模式下的两个层次的委托代理关系进行了研究,从基于契约合同的委托代理方向建立效用函数对激励与约束进行分析,得出这种模式能够建立起有效的激励相容和自我约束的结论,从基于行政管理模式下的权力寻租和激励与约束方向进行分析,提出了建立长效监督管理机制的措施建议,具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。     

同城化视角下湖北小池空间优化策略研究

同城化是"从区域论城市"基础上形成的一种新的城市区域发展观。在湖北小池滨江新区上升为"省级战略"之际,从政策主导、内生驱动、外借助推、资源聚合等4个方面分析小池南望融入九江同城发展的动力。结合相关数据分析指出,在"中四角"地理中心与"鄂东门户"耦合的特殊区位条件下,小池发展面临区位优势转化难、产业定位游离、城镇化动力不足、空间风貌特色欠缺等问题,并从九江、黄梅"同城共建、拥江共享、错位共赢"3个维度指出,位于鄂东前沿阵地的小池城镇空间需要重点从构建完善的公共服务设施体系和基础设施网络、提升拥江发展的梯次空间品质、聚合错位发展的产业布局等方面调控优化,以彰显两地的同城化效应,带动鄂东门户地带的发展。     

深度学习辅助约束辨识的电力市场快速出清方法

日前电力市场出清需要求解大规模安全约束经济调度问题,尽管实际采用线化处理方法,但需要考虑N－1场景下的大量安全约束,导致其规模庞大,难以快速求解。提出了一种深度学习辅助的日前市场快速出清方法,以满足快速出清计算场合的应用需求。首先,设计基于深度神经网络的安全约束经济调度模型计算框架,将深度学习技术应用于日前电力市场出清计算过程,兼顾安全约束经济调度模型的求解速度和求解精度;其次,提出面向起作用约束辨识的深度学习策略,从特征向量、深度神经网络结果处理2个方面,实现安全约束经济调度起作用约束集的辨识,并将其纳入日前市场出清模型,以简化模型的复杂度;最后,在接入新能源的IEEE 30标准测试系统中验证了所述方法的有效性。利用深度神经网络预辨识安全约束经济调度模型的起作用约束,有利于降低模型复杂度,提高日前市场出清的计算效率。     

考虑经济安全性的有源配电网供电能力研究

与传统配电网不同,接入有源配电网的可控分布式电源能够参与配电网的经济运行。可控分布式电源的出力分配由主动配电网的经济调度策略确定。为实现供电能力最大化,可控分布式电源通常运行在额定状态,这与经济运行的目标相背离。而且配电网运行需满足N-1安全准则,而现有文献中的分布式电源(DG)优化运行模型均未计及N-1准则,所得出力策略未必满足系统安全要求。综上所述,为解决这一问题,提出了一种考虑经济调度和N-1安全约束的供电能力模型。以供电能力经济比最小和安全距离均衡比最小为多目标,算例表明所提模型能保证N-1安全,实现了综合考虑系统经济性、安全性下的最优,验证了所提模型是合理、有效的。     

考虑风机一次调频的风电高占比电网机组组合

随着风电大规模、高渗透率接入电网,单纯常规机组一次调频已难以满足系统调频需求,迫切需要风电参与一次调频。文中在风机调频控制研究的基础上,提出一种考虑风机参与系统一次调频的机组组合模型。该模型通过加入稳态频率、频率最低点和频率变化率为约束条件,确保含风电电力系统预留足够的备用容量以支撑一次调频。文中采用大M法将非线性模型转化为混合整数线性规划模型,并调用Matlab中CPLEX程序包求解。最后,在IEEE 39节点系统上验证了该模型的有效性。仿真结果表明,该模型能提升系统承受负荷扰动的能力,从而满足更大负荷扰动下系统一次调频的备用需求。     

Voltage stability monitoring of power systems using reduced network and artificial neural network

This paper presents network reduction based methodologies to monitor voltage stability of power systems using limited number of measurements. In a multi-area power system, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to estimate the loading margin of the overall system, based on measurements from the internal area only. Information regarding the important measurements from the external areas is considered in measurement transformation through the network reduction process, to enhance the estimation accuracy of the ANNs. A Z-score based bad or missing data processing algorithm is implemented to make the methodologies robust. To account for changing operating conditions, adaptive training of the ANNs is also suggested. The proposed methods are successfully implemented on IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus test systems.     

基于FPGA的设计继承方法

FPGA的正确性不单单由代码来确定,还需要FPGA开发工具完成整个设计流程后形成正确的电路才能保证设计的正确性.为提高FPGA在实际工程中的开发效率,引入后端工具指导布线法、布局布线工具设计保持法这两种设计方法,通过设计工具使关键信号或者未更改部分的电路布局布线信息继续保留,因此大大减少因部分模块更替对以通过充分测试部分的设计的影响.在工程实践过程中,后端工具指导布线法仅对布线约束控制在40条以下的工程效果较好,但流程较简单;布局布线工具设计保持法流程较复杂,但保持的布线数量可达成百上千条.两种方法各有优劣的地方,设计人员应根据不同的工程需求,选择合适的方法来实现设计继承,以提高调试效率.